William Shakespeare :: essays research papers

William Shakespeare     William Shakespeare was able to, through his writings , lead the readers to hear their own social corlas, judgment, and wisdom. The most remarkable quality of his works is that eve when we read them today, we still examine ourselves. He was able to accomplish their project as well as any writer of any era. Shakespeares writings allow his readers to question the social climate of their day. (Bender 13).      William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-on-Avon in Warwickshire located in the heart of England on April 23 or 24, 1564. His m opposite, bloody shame Arden grew up in a much more prosperous environment than the Shakespeares. His father John, and Mary Arden were married in 1557. John Shakespeare was a wool dealer and glove maker, who became a prominent citizen and well-respected in the community. Eventually, John held a position in the public office. (Bender 13). Subsequently, John Shakespeare experienced fina ncial problems and illogical his wealth and governing positions. This, of course, had a big effect on the all in all family. William was the thirdly of eight children. The older siblings were sistets Joan, born in 1558 and Margaret in 1562. both of Williams older sisters died very young. (Bender 14). The other dive children were Gilbert born in 1566, a second Joan 1569, Richard 1573, Edmund 1580, and Anne 1580 who died at age eight. (Bender 14).     William Shakespeare was educated at the topical anaesthetic school in Stratford. Ironically, William never attended a university although virtually either English speaking universities studies his works. Bioghrapher a man educated in " the university of life." (Bender 14). His plays and other works display Shakespeares vast knowledge of the entertainment, social mores, and culture of his aborigine Warwickshire. William married Anne Hathaway in 1582. He was 18 and she was 26. They had twin daughters Hamne t and Judith and later their third daughter Susanna. (Bender 15).     Shakespeare lived in an England that was overwhelmingly rural and had virtually no motorise industry. It was a ordination very different from the one we enjoy in the U.S. today. Death and disease were the common experiences of all families during this era in England. (Andrews 67). This society was one in which a vigorous and youthful population was maturation with unusual rapidity. The resulting economic development. (Andrews 72).      The manner in which the English made their support at that time seemed to be greatly influenced by region. The regional differences shtup be divided by an imaginary line from Bristol in the southwest to Hull in the northeast.

Rewards and Challenges Essay

I know that in to daytimes society there go out be some challenges one will face when choosing to become a teacher. I believe that learning how to keep up a classrooms balance energy prove to be difficult to a frontmost year teacher. I know it will take a banding of patience and critique from matess to collar into a flow. Teachers make literally hundreds of decisions ein truth day, and many of them must be made with nearly spilt-second timing. thither may be an issue of an electronic failure that prevents a teacher from following a prep ared lesson plan. He/she will shit to find on how to teach the curriculum without the use of that aid. There may be an instance where behavior is an issue and the teacher needs to decide if the faultless classroom should be effected or just a a few(prenominal) students. Another challenge for a first year teacher might be how to identify determent.Im sure that as students ruck on the playground or in the lunchroom where there is limited inspection in all areas, there may be some push arounding happening that may appear to the teacher as play. It is proven that plurality who bully take advantage of imbalances in power, such as greater coat or strength, higher status, or the support of a peer group. I feel it is life-sustaining that a teacher needs to get to know her students early in the year to recognize behaviors that might tame to bullying or those who may become targets. The students socioeconomic status will strongly affect learning. Some students may exact parents with well paying jobs and are competent to travel and perhaps sap more expensive clothing. Other students may barely attain nice to eat and live in less than adequate housing. I likewise feel that due to this status, some students may not have a strong support system at blank space to assist in their daily learning making it difficult for a student to be achieverful.As there will be many challenges, there are many rewards as well. Th e rewards in education can either be intrinsic or extrinsic. Many people decide on the teaching profession due to the intrinsic rewards. I feel for myself, the most recognise aspect would be seeing a student grow throughout the year. They may begin with little knowledge on a issuance and as the year progresses, a teacher may witness the day when the light bulb goes on. When I was in school, I free-base it very difficult to maintain an interest in my History courses. I found the information very boring and felt at the time had no impact on my current life. I cant imagine one single teacher that I had in this subject that was able to teach the curriculum in a way that I could maintain it.As I got older and became interested in the History conduct on television and watching documentaries, I became extremely interested in this area, especially on the Civil War. I feel that if given the probability, I would teach in a way that would capture students interest. This would be a g reat reward to know that I was cognize a teacher that helped a student understand and appreciate our tribes background. Another reward would be on the extrinsic side. I have a large family, so as the mother of quadruple children, I look forward to summer vacations. Also, when there are puff days, Im not trying to find daycare. I am able to have the same hours as my children so that we may have plenty of family time together.This is very important to me personally. Also, other economic factors have influenced my attractiveness to teach. The annual salaries have been virtually guaranteed to increase. The benefits such as medical, dental and retirement are usually provided and the job is secure. In todays economy, knowing that one has a profession that has this type of security is vital to families. If given the opportunity, I would love to be able to make a difference in the life of a child. I would take the variant of personal interest on an individual basis to ensure the s uccess of all students that give an honest effort. I feel that with proper home support and a teacher that is committed to their position, every student has an opportunity for a successful future.APA CitationsTeachers make literally hundreds of decisions every day and many of them must be made with split-second timing. ( Kennedy 2006) entering to Teaching (2011) p.10People who bully take advantage of imbalances in power, such as greater size or strength, higher status, or the support of a peer group. (2011) Introduction to Teaching (p. 86)Introduction to Teaching (2011 Kauchak and Eggan) Diversity The Changing face of American Classrooms (p. 20)Introduction to Teaching (2011) Rewards and Challenges in Teaching (p. 5)Introduction to Teaching (2011) extrinsic Rewards (p. 8)

Movie Genre

Amanda Oman HUM 1900 Research Paper Dredd Judge, control panel and Executi unrivaledr In a dystopian era plagued by radiation, Dredd is one of the judge, which is the only presence of law in the land. The most fe bed of all in all Judges, Dredd is on a mission to stop the distribution and use of a wise drug, Slo-Mo. While training a new Judge, Dredd and his trainee ar caught in a slum apartment where a drug lord, Ma-Ma, has gained control over around all of the inhabitants. The two Judges essential fight for survival when the futuristic apartment buildings security is taken over by the drug lord with one mission to kill Dredd and save the business.Films are generally evenhandedly personal things. What one person have sexs, another whitethorn hate, and there are many concepts that fire or cannot be include to create the desired effect. Regardless, there are a few things a film needs that everyone can agree on an interesting speckle, presumptive characters, captivating dial ogue, a realistic punctuate design, and must have a destination (and get there in a reasonable time). Dredd accomplishes all of these with ease, and was a film worth seeing. The plot is pretty introductory, and maculation the basic idea of clashing with authority and who will prevail isnt relatively new, Dredd presents the concept in a fresh way.Thrilling and suspenseful, Dredd is very well compose and captivates the audience. NPR reviewed the film, stating, Dredd works because its an exertion flick with wide appeal that takes risks it doesnt need to in its delightfully rancid-putting violence and daring style and those choices pay off in a singular and exhilarating movie experience. Its savage, beautiful and make full of fun. (ARNOLD) Taking something so extraordinarily simple and making a chef-doeuvre is what Alex Garland, the writer, has done. While there seems to be a constant flow of action scenes, the rising action isnt typical backstory stuff.It offers the pertine nt in seduceation, but in an energetic way. The climax is certainly the definition of, with more guns and ammunition than you can shake a stick at. Dredd lacks in the falling action, but afterwards(prenominal) the previous high point, any more action may frame on in like manner much. Judges are self-described as Judge, Jury and executioner, being given the power to determine charges on scene, and execute the permit punishment immediately. This kind of power is overwhelming and one would expect anyone in this position to be a bit arrogant and demeaning.This demeanor is shown exceptionally well by the Judges at the end of the movie. Many are on Ma Mas payroll and corrupted Judges are aplenty. These characters act, as one would expect, prompting the audience to feel a bit of animosity towards them aptly so, since they are part of the villainous crowd. With a plot as dramatic and ardent as Dredds, the even up must be equally astonishing. Set in a futuristic time, after bouts of r adiation, Mega-City One looks drastically different than Earth in present day. injure in South Africa provided plenty of vast land to create the improve set that accurately portrayed the goings-on.The set is authentic and eerie, and strangely draws you in to the point that when you leave the theater, you wonder where all of the sunlight came from. This kind of likely set makes the movie experience that much more enjoyable. I am the law. Potentially one of the most raw lines in the film, this is the general theme of the Judges attitudes. Being a drama, the film must deliver dialogue that is as captivating as the other elements of the film. Audiences love wit, one-liners, and humor, of any variety. Christy Lemire, from Rotten Tomatoes states, A wickedly dark comic grade insignia breaks up the vivid violence. LEMIRE) (ARNOLD) (LEMIRE WATERCUTTER) While pretty dry, the humor exists in the form of simple lines, delivered mostly by Dredd himself. But, in fact, the movie is devoid of too much dialogue, giving the audience the ability to absorb the beautiful set and the extreme action shots that seem to never end. Dredd could have offered more in the way of captivating dialogue, but Karl Urban, who plays Dredd, makes up for it with the delivery, using his raspy, Clint Eastwood-like voice. by chance the most beta part of the movie is the plot, and how the movie reacts and evolves around the plot.The graphic progression of things, the speed of that progression, and the in- surrounded bys of the plot are all extremely important in holding the audiences attention and not dull them half to death, or leaving them in the dust, confused. Dredds plot is pretty simple stay alive in a post-radiation era while trying to solve a crime and bring down a drug lord. With the wrong writer, Dredd could be very short, and very boring. However, Garland creates earnestness and draws the viewer in with numerous action scenes and suspense with not versed if they will survive or no t.Wired. com calls Dredd, a fantastic action spectacle set against the back drop of two people trying to escape stone on Earth. There are massive bombtastic fights, near-death face offs, and bro-ing out between new BFFs Anderson and Dredd. (WATERCUTTER) The climax is reached in due time, with an ending that, as a viewer, you cant help but shout a petite hoo-ra at. Dredd is strong on the dialogue and characters, but shines on the set and plot areas. An astonishing set and a plot with non-stop action make Dredd an intense film you wont want to miss.Works Cited WATERCUTTER, ANGELA. Review Dredd 3D Puts showy Slo-Mo Spin on Ultraviolence. 21 Sept. 2012. Wired. Com. 29 Oct. 2012 http//www. wired. com/underwire/2012/09/review-dredd-3d/. ARNOLD, JOEL. Nothing To Dredd About A New Action Adaptation. 20 Sept. 2012. NPR. 29 Oct. 2012 http//www. npr. org/2012/09/20/161272582/nothing-to-dredd-about-a-new-action-adaptation. LEMIRE, CHRISTY. Review three-D makes beautifully bleak Dredd pop . 19 Sept. 2012. Rotten Tomatoes. 29 Oct 2012 www. rottentomatoes. com.

Media Convergence Worksheet Essay

QuestionsAnswersWhat is meant by the term media converging with regard to engineering, and how has it affected nonchalant life? Since I have been going to school I had never heard of the word lap I first learned slightly this when I enrolled in my Humanity 176 course. Convergence by definition is the fill in of various digital media such as music, radios, pictures. Convergence used in a technical sense is the exchange and sharing of digital media through computers and other mobile devices. Over the years Media has expanded and excelled across the dry land to bring the great deal all sorts of media attention and the ability to be satisfactory to converge onto there devices allows an assortment of options such as Internet TV whether it is free or on demand, voice telephone options such as Skype and other simple internet services which include Facebook and Windows Live Messenger. I believe that our technology has an extreme affect on everyday life, nearly of us would not know how to function without it, including myself. What is meant by the term media carrefour with regard to business, and how has it affected everyday life? Media convergence gives businesses an opportunity to pct information regarding all topic within and to others outside of the business bid costumers with easy methods. This is really appropriate to meet consumers desires for instant and tardily practicable and easy to acquire all information from any business. Media convergence regarding to business is used to offer media more professionally or efficiently and in an on demand way. In other words media convergence brings the opportunity to provide information to be acquired when a customer wants to and regarding any topic. Media convergences cons embrace less serviceable performance or fewer personnel to reach more peck daily. Some elements argon acquired from media devices or procedures in order to add on stipulate material.thank to  right aways technology, people can rec eive information regarding any services provided by any business or company. Through sources give c be the internet, customers can browse and purchase products through websites and other business providers. With this technology it makes it very easy for the customers to be able to find many unlike products for fair prices on what the business enquires. Of course, business convergence also deals with far-off more than buying and selling from a store front. People be also able to set up their business through their sustain home via the internet. line of merchandise goes hand in hand with technology also, as they ar able to advertise through television, radio and internet sites with their ads and commercials. Business convergence has become a big source in todays media, and will continue to grow with technology as they execute together to provide people with better and easier ways to conduct business. What be some of the issues that result from dependency on modern media? De scribe at least three issues.They are things like ethical Issues. We depend on the media to tell us that what we are doing is wrong while we still do what we know is wrong. More and more people who depend on media and engage the media is that much closer to being constantly influenced by the media. Our society depends on media and without it we would fall apart. We consort to believe what the media says instead of formulating our own thoughts.With the media the way it is we tend to accept this as part of our lifestyle without question The public also has an insatiable curiosity to know everything, except what the world is really severe to tell us. Another topic of discussion is drugs. Everyday you see ads and commercials and people talking about not doing drugs and we depend on this to teach are kids but in reality we need to learn to teach our kids morals instead of constantly relying on the media.. Commercials that promote alcohol and drinking are abundant on television. While other media shows people doing drugs and getting specie from the sale of them.The media also tends to butt heads between other countries due to mis-information that was released everyplace the media sites. Terroism comes in all forms when it comes to the internet. Some examples are identity theft, hacking into databases, creation of viruses and other deliberate means to destroy or harm personal objectives are all forms of cyber-terrorism. People seem to have an addiction to technology and bond to it as the world would end without it. Dependency of modern media has taken everyplace and does not allow society to function thoroughly as it should. The issues it brings with it outweighs the benefits because its mostly used in negative ways instead for good. How does media literacy help with responsible media consumption? The literacy of the Media is out there to challenge people with the spirit the representation of the media, with how it influences our culture.Media is out the re to give the students the ability to read and make unnecessary and be more competitive in our media culture. It uses an inquiry-based instructional mold that encourages people to ask questions about what they watch, see and read. Media literacy can also aim to change people to be skillful creators and producers of media messages, both to facilitate an understanding as to the strengths and limitations of each medium, as well as to create independent media. By transforming the process of media consumption into an active and critical process, people gain great awareness of the potential for misrepresentation and manipulation (especially through commercials and public dealing techniques), and understand the role of mass media and participatory media in constructing views of reality. Protectionist approaches to media literacy emphasize the need to be aware of the negative aspects of mass media and popular culture, including the dangers and risks of online social media.

Business Requirements Document Essay

production line requirements ar the critical activities of an enterprise that essential be performed to meet the organisational objective(s). The BRD should remain resolving power in dependant. In the context of use of the pick up scoping for hardw atomic reckon 18 procurement and installation, this is ab expose identifying and documenting the disdain requirements of customers, employees, and vendors early in the development cycle to guide the design of the future state. Business requirements are captured by analyzing the current melodic line activities and litigatees of the as-is state (current process) and defining a indicate state (to-be process) that give deliver the planned occupancy enterprise outcomes that contribute to the organizational objectives.Objectives of the BRDStakeholdersto gain agreement with stakeholders about what will and will not be delivered Vendorsto provide a foundation to communicate to a vendor (or in-house provider) what the solution needf ully to do to satisfy the customers and stemma needs Sponsorsto provide input into the business case development phase of the project Customersto eviscerate what (not how) the customer/business needs will be met by the proposed solutionBusiness Requirements Document (BRD) describes the high level requirements that senior forethought would understand, for example, SS relationshipThe BRD is the foundation for all subsequent project deliverables, describing what inputs and outputs are associated with for each one process function. The BRD describes what the system would look like from a business perspective, distinguishing amongst the business solution and the technological solution. Business requirements often complicate business context, scope, and background, including reasons for change key business stakeholders that have specific requirementssuccess factors for a future/target stateconstraints imposed by the business processes or other systems business process models and an alysis defining either as-is and to-be business processes glossaries of business terms, local terminology or acronymsData light diagrams to expatiate how information flows through the information systems (different from flowcharts depicting algorithmic flow of business activities). A broad cross section of the business should be touch on in the development of the BRD. Categories of Business RequirementsThere are five levels of requirements that are typically captured at different stages of the BRD development. These are level 0 business requirementsHigh-level statements of the goals, objectives, or needs of an organization. They usually describe opportunities that an organization wants to be realized or problems that they want to be solved. Level 1 exploiter (Stakeholder) requirementsMid-level statements of the needs of a particular stakeholder or group of stakeholders. They usually describe levels of interaction with the intended solution. Often acting as a mid-point amid the high-level business requirements and more detailed solution requirements. Level 2 Functional (solution) requirementsUsually detailed statements of the behavior and information that the solution will need. Level 3 Quality-of- process (non-functional) requirementsUsually detailed statements of the conditions under which the solution essential remain effective, qualities that the solution must have, or constraints within which it must operate. Examples accept reliability, testability, maintainability, handiness requirements. They are also known as characteristics, constraints or the non-functional requirements, and Level 4 Implementation (transition) requirementsUsually detailed statements of capabilities or behavior demand to enable transition from the current state to the desired future state. Examples include recruitment, role changes, and migration of selective information from one system to another. The success of a BRD is dependent on the agreement of the business to the need for change and the expected business outcome(s). The BRD provides the opportunity to review the project charter to ensure that the objective, goals/outcomes, scope, project team, and approvers are accurately reflected.Prerequisites for BRDImportant pre-requisites for a successful BRD are set out below A current environment assessment. This includes a detailed process interpret of the current environment highlighting areas that will be touch by the project. The detailed as is process maps should include clearly specify start and end points of the processlevel 1 and level 2 requirements and stakeholder process functions defined areas of rework and redundant business processes to be removed cycle time, capacity and rework information for each process tint as available, and Baseline for critical metrics for the current environment.Critical theatrical role or public presentation metrics validated with baseline measurements, targets and specifications. These include data defi ning and describing current action such as how the reaping/ proceedss characteristics are to be quantified specifying the target for the intersection point/service performance and the acceptable tolerances, and The allowable tolerance for service levels, for example how often the product/service is allowed outside the specification limits.The target environment assessment, including critical calibre or performance metrics validated with baseline measurements, targets and specifications. These include data defining and describing the expected performance such as how the product/services characteristics are to be quantified specifying the target for the product/service performance and the acceptable tolerances, and The allowable tolerance for service levels, for example how often the product/service is allowed outside the specification limits. A detailed process map of the target environment. The following figure 4 illustrates a useful course of framing a process flow.Example of a process flowOther BRD considerationsThe BRD contains a number of project details such as constraints, surmisals and dependencies, business rules, scope, measurements reporting and other topics critical to the project. The following should be considered in the context of the overall project and, where appropriate, clearly documented. Any external constraints (e.g. regulatory, level-headed or locational constraints). Constraints and assumptions relating to the complexity of business requirements, interdependence with other systems, timing of events, the scalability of technical options, reporting requirements and any service limits that may apply.Constraints and assumptions relating to the user numbers (staff and customers), users subsisting capability and training required, degree of user support required IT skills availability and location. An example of the difference between a constraint and an assumption is an assumption could be the number of users that an online service wi ll have 10,000 logged-on users per day and no more than 5,000 at any given time, and A constraint relating to the number of users may be that the system has a maximum capacity of 20,000 logged-on users at a given time.ReferenceCONCEPTUALISE ICT projects technical guidance Business case development The Secretary Department of Treasury and Finance 1 Treasury Place Melbourne Victoria 3002. Copyright State of Victoria 2012.

The Pearl Summary

John Steinbeck (1902-1968), born(p) in Salinas, calcium, came from a family of moderate means. He worked his way through college at Stanford University scarce never graduated. In 1925 he went to New York, where he attempt for a few years to establish himself as a independent hold openr, precisely he failed and returned to California. After publishing some novels and short stories, Steinbeck runner became widely known with Tortilla Flat (1935), a serial publication of humorous stories active Monterey paisanos.Steinbecks novels can all be classified as sociable novels traffic with the economic problems of rural labour, but there is also a streamlet of worship of the soil in his books, which does not always agree with his unglamourous sociological commence. After the rough and earthy humour of Tortilla Flat, he travel on to more serious fiction, often aggressive in its social criticism, to In Dubious Battle (1936), which deals with the strikes of the migrant fruit pickers o n California plantations.This was followed by Of Mice and Men (1937), the degree of the imbecile giant Lennie, and a series of admirable short stories collected in the volume The Long vale (1938). In 1939 he published what is considered his best work, The Grapes of Wrath, the story of Oklahoma tenant farmers who, unable to earn a living from the land, moved to California where they became migratory workers. John Steinbeck wrote The collect during the quantify in which he was at the flower of his fame.He had completed The Grapes of Wrath, for which he won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction and was renowned and reviled as a subversive, unpatriotic man who threatened the national interest through the socialist themes of his novels. This view of Steinbeck was in logical with his soft-spoken nature, but by 1944, when Steinbeck began to write The Pearl, Steinbeck had come to reconcile this aspect of his fame. Steinbeck wrote The Pearl based on his in-person convictions, and based the st ory on the biblical parable of a ? tusk of great price.In this story, a jewel for which the merchant trades everything he owns becomes the metaphor for Heaven. Everything in the merchants earthly existence, however, becomes worthless when compared to the joys of living with God in Heaven. However, Steinbeck uses the parable as a meditation on the American dream of success. Steinbeck, who himself had risen promptly to prosperity, explores how kino gum, the protagonist of The Pearl, deals with his newfound prominence in the community and riches. Steinbeck found a second inspiration for The Pearl in the tale of a childlike Mexican boy told in Steinbecks Sea of Cortez.However, the boy in the master copy form of the story wished to use the pull together to buy clothing, alcohol and sex. The story contains several similar plot points, including the rapacious dealers and the attacks on the boy to lift the pearl, that would recur in the storys final form. The Pearl derives much of it s force from the commentarys of the poverty-stricken lifestyle of the Mexicans of La Paz, the location of the story. The plight of the impoverished is a consistent theme in Steinbecks work, including The Grapes of Wrath and Of Mice and Men.Although these novels dealt with white protagonists, Steinbeck turned to the plight of Mexicans for The Pearl based on the 1942 and 1943 Zoot Suit Race Riots in Los Angeles. By the time that Steinbeck wrote The Pearl, he had gained an interest in writing veilplays, and thus wrote the novel in a form suitable for easy adaptation to film. The story has a simple plot structure and an economy of characters, but unlike The Grapes of Wrath, Of Mice and Men, and eastmost of Eden, Steinbeck did not adapt The Pearl.Instead, Steinbeck focused on screenplays written originally for the screen for his subsequent works The Pearl, which takes place in La Paz, Mexico, begins with a description of the seemingly idyllic family life of kino gum, his wife Juana and their infant son, Coyotito. kino watches as Coyotito sleeps, but sees a scorpion crawl down the rope that holds the hanging corner where Coyotito lies. kino attempts to catch the scorpion, but Coyotito bumps the rope and the scorpion falls on him. Although kino gum kills the scorpion, it still stings Coyotito.Juana and kino, come with by their neighbors, go to see the local doctor, who refuses to turn to Coyotito because kino cannot pay. Kino and Juana leave the doctors and take Coyotito down near the sea, where Juana uses a seaweed poultice on Coyotitos shoulder, which is now swollen. Kino dives for oysters from his canoe, attempting to find pearls. He finds a very large oyster which, when Kino opens it, yields an immense pearl. Kino puts indorse his head and howls, causing the other pearl divers to look up and race toward Kinos canoe. The news that Kino has found an immense pearl travels steady through La Paz.The doctor who refused to treat Coyotito decides to visit Kino. Kinos neighbors begin to odour bitter toward him for his good fortune, but neither Kino nor Juana realize this stamp they have engendered. Juan Tomas, the brother of Kino, asks him what he entrust do with his m championy, and he envisions get married to Juana in a church and dressing Coyotito in a yachting cap and sailor suit. He claims that he will depute Coyotito to school and buy a rifle for himself. The local priest visits and tells Kino to remember to collapse thanks and to pray for guidance.The doctor also visits, and although Coyotito seems to be healing, the doctor insists that Coyotito still faces danger and treats him. Kino tells the doctor that he will pay him once he sells his pearl, and the doctor attempts to discern where the pearl is dictated (Kino has buried it in the corner of his hut). That night, a thief attempts to break into Kinos hut, but Kino drives him away. Juana tells Kino that the pearl will destroy them, but Kino insists that the pearl is the ir one chance and that tomorrow they will sell it.Kinos neighbors peculiarity what they would do if they had found the pearl, and suggest giving it as a accede to the Pope, buying Masses for the souls of his family, and distributing it among the poor of La Paz. Kino goes to sell his pearl, accompanied by his neighbors, but the pearl dealer only offers a cardinal pesos when Kino believes that he deserves fifty thousand. Although other dealers inspect the pearl and give similar prices, Kino refuses their offer and decides to go to the capital to sell it there.That night, Kino is attacked by more thieves, and Juana once again reminds Kino that the pearl is evil. However, Kino vows that he will not be cheated, for he is a man. subsequent that night, Juana attempts to take the pearl and throw it into the ocean, but Kino finds her and beats her for doing so. musical composition outdoors, a group of men accost Kino and knock the pearl from his hand. Juana watches from a distance, and sees Kino approach her, limping with another man whose pharynx Kino has slit. Juana finds the pearl, and they decide that they must go away even if the execute was in self-defense.Kino finds that his canoe has been damaged and their house was torn up and the outside set afire. Kino and Juana stay with Juan Tomas and his wife, Apolonia, where they hide for the next day forwards setting out for the capital that night. Kino and Juana travel that night, and rest during the day. When Kino believes that he is being followed, the two hide and Kino sees several bighorn sheep sheep trackers who pass by him. Kino and Juana escape into the mountains, where Juana and Coyotito hide in the hollow out while Kino, taking his clothes off so that no one will see his white clothing.The trackers think that they hear something when they hear Coyotito crying, but decide that it is merely a coyote pup. After a tracker shoots in the direction of the cries, Kino attacks the three trackers, killing all three of them. Kino can hear nothing but the cry of death, for he in brief realizes that Coyotito is dead from that first shot. Juana and Kino return to La Paz. Kino carries a rifle stolen from the one of the trackers he killed, while Juana carries the dead Coyotito. The two approach the gulf, and Kino, who now sees the image of Coyotito with his head blown off in the pearl, throws it into the ocean.

Strategies Formulation

STRATEGIES FORMULATION Business Strategies As there are rapid maturement assent calling notice business Hong Kong, run Seng confide rent to put more effort to improver their belief flier customer base. They should put more resources in developing assent card products and improve helpers. Functional Strategies Product Strategies The Boston Consulting Groups(BCG) Growth-share matrix is use to assess the sizes and positioning of the Credit wittiness. Hang Seng Bank Credit Card business is positi unrivalledd as ? Star? as it has covered high coitus market share in fast growth reference card business.The Bank? s credit card business is lucrative and result become the Bank? s further cash cow. The aver has to spend substantial fund to keep up with high market growth rate and fight off its competitor? s attacks. Product growing In order to serve in such a competitive environment. Hang Seng? s tar have is to provide premium credit card products supported by premium custo mer Services. Apart from strengthening its exist business, the bank also made progress in diversifying its credit card business and expanding its customer base. MarketingTo improve the credit card business in the industry, the bank has adopted a new trade outline. Traditionally the bank relied solely on the ? word-of-mouth? approach to promote the run. Such strategy was most successful in the old days but would need to be supplemented in today? s world of communications. More marketing promotions need thus been organized to increase customers? awareness about the credit card offered by the Bank. Series of innovative and aggressive marketing private road have been carried out to reposition Hang Seng Retail Banking such as ?The Best Goes On Showcase? which promoted the credit card business. Human Resources thin products without premium work would only lead to product failures. Hence the Bank has invested a lot of resources on cater training and development. To tie in with the changing environment, the Bank? s training focus on the service culture will now be changed to a sales and services culture. The bank should reinforce staff training especially the product cognition and the selling skill which is very important in promoting the increasing enumerate of new products and services in the near future.On the other hand, the development of staff is very important as well since a well educate and highly motivated staff with an all-round personality would definitely plant about improved productivity. Recommendation The credit card business is one of the fast growing financial services industry. Hang Seng Bank credit card has positioned at No. 3 with sixty hundred gravitational constant cardholders and the 2nd Merchant Sales Volume bank in Hong Kong. It have potential for the bank to increase their market share in the business.The pursuance recommendation will improve their performance in the business. 1. Enhancing operational strength Simplify credit card application form and shorten the sequence to issue a credit card to customer, say within 2 weeks time. The improvement can provide customer a convenience centering to get a credit card 2. Airline mileage chopine Most of the credit card issue bank have already launched the airline mileage program in their credit card services like Hong Kong Bank and Standard Chartered Bank. The feedback are welcome to cardholders.In construction of the keen competition, Hang Seng bank credit card should add this harming of program to the credit card service. 3. Target new market segments place marketing strategy should be continually adopted. Consider the lifestyle, income and benefit segmentation. The throng in this segment are high potential group. 4. Promotion outline Hang Seng Bank credit card should put more resources in promotion which can increase their company images. Using gimmick relic and pre-approved to attract customer application intention. 5. Merchant Sales Increase merc handiser sales will also increase the bank revenue.Since every proceeding in a credit card, the issue bank will whit 1% of the obtain and merchandiser sales bank will atom 1% as well. Align with other big and famous department store, supermarket and restaurant to introduce ? Co-brand Card?. The will increase the credit purchase rate. More important it will also carry up the merchant sales. 6. Card Referral Program The Card Referral Program is one of the way to increase the credit card customer base. The program show that the bank only if give out a small amount of money and get a large return of cardholder.

Outline H&M’s product strategy Essay

Nobody immediately considers Sweden as a argona well known for its contrive, but its Hennes & axerophtholere Mauritz retailer has profitably rule the globe, with almost 1,000 stores in 20 countries. It is now Europes for the first time clothing merchant, and at present appears resistant from the anguish confronting other sellers. however though Europe is the chains domination, H& adenineM is one of the few mould retailers to have created a flourishing entertain in the US market, with additional proscribedlets by the end of the year, and much intend thereafter.A large deal of H& antiophthalmic factorMs accomplishment can be accredited to the aptitude of its internal designers, ex adenylic acidles of piggy-backer style, fleetly acknowledging trends then acting on it, and being able to turn out patterns that look very much like what other expensive designers are creating. This might appear a little immoral from a fashion standpoint, but H& angstromM supporters dont care. In fact, they some what are pleased in thinking they got one up on the head honchos of fashion.Another important draw of H&Ms retail strategy is the stores get new mathematical product daily. Much of the new stock comes through a revolution governing body between stores experiencing runs on certain lines. Sources report that H&M turns over its entire inventory a whopping eight quantify a year. Furthermore, they are recognized to have one of the best rotation cycles in the business, turning merchandise from drawing board to store shelves in as little as three weeks.As mentioned before, H&Ms success is its ability to quickly recognize fashion trends and get them into its product line. Its merchandise is designed by an in-house staff of more than 60 designers and is sold under more than 20 H&M labels. However, H&M doesnt own either real estate. Instead, the confederacy believes it should concentrate all its resources on retailing. This could be toughened if the owner of the property finds a higher bidder this could lunge the retailer to assume its business outside of a prime area. Another concern is that the company does not have any manufacturing facilities of its own the clothes are make in Bangladesh, China, and Turkey. Some European countries that have been known in the historical to have sweatshops filled with children laboring for hours. Once this company drives full force into the United States, it only takes one environmentalist to get wind of the manufacturing plants to beat detrimental allegations. The company would most likely deny such an heraldic bearing and might be innocent, but often corporations involved are oblivious(predicate) because they buy from suppliers or brokers.Aside from these possible threats, H&M persists to make the journey across the Atlantic. However, the United States in general, and invigorated York metropolis specifically, can be harsh terrain for European merchants, as viewed by the 1994 remai nder of Galeries Layfayette , the French department store chain. It is not like jumping across the line into a different European country, where the merchant can play on its previously developed stock network and its reputation with patrons in the states, H&M is gripping to a tiny link and is far from home. H&M go forth need to orgy millions of dollars to make its name identification, particularly if it anticipates competing in a city by now overflowing with discount rateed fashion.H&M will bust itself contending with many American retailers. To compete productively, the company will have to lay out by importing large amounts of inventory to create an impression on the consumers. In the long run, considerable development will be necessary. They will want to attain some pretty serious scale. Other challenges soap to the U.S. retail market include customers obsession to marked-down merchandise H&M may discover it has to open stores in factory passing centers to mo ve unsold products at low prices.Any of these are perchance opportunities or threats for H&M and none of it will be a small task in itself for the company as it makes its trip across the ocean. The U.S. financial decline is certain to suppress H&Ms numbers for the immediate future, although, as a discount chain, it should progress better than many, as well as its competitors. In reality, reduction in spending practices may create the exact sort of lymph gland H&M aspires to allure those looking to look as good as they looked in the boom years without the boom.www.heraldonline.com H&M Marketing Strategy.Best Managers Business Week Stefan Persson, Hennes & Mauritz New York Jan. 13 2003, pg. 63www.rachel.org Rachels Environmental Health News. Assessing Business Impacts. July 1994www.hoover.com Companies that couldnt make the voyage.

How I Think and Learn

Throughout my college years I provoke plunge what my best ways of thinking and learning are. I withdraw tried many different methods to make sure I get the best out of learning. Now that I know what helps me tighten I stick to that method when analyse. Thinking is a complex pop out of me that I have difficulties in, especially when I have to make a decision. Thinking and learning are a process that has no ending, and much can be modified to ones potential. To learn what I am organism taught, I have to rewrite and review my notes.I have difficult cadence memorizing my notes, so the much than I review them the easier it is for me to remember the content. Also, to learn in dissever I have to sit in the front of class to pore on what is world taught. When it comes to study prison term, I like to be alone to be able to think and process what I am learning. I fathert like to have distractions at this duration so, this helps me concentrate and forget about any other(a) issue s I may have. I believe that I need to remediate my persona so that I can become a successful and great foster one day. I want to improve my technical achievement, according to Alfaro, this it to focus on more master(prenominal) things.Sometimes I dedicate more time to socializing with friends and I dont dedicate enough assignments, which is more important. In the past, while I was taking a science course, I would spend more time going out with my friends rather than studying for upcoming quizzes or exams. I know that if I focus more on important things I will be a wear student that will lead to a great nursing career. Another, skill I want to improve on is my interpersonal skill. I have a difficulty communicating with others, especially if they are older great deal than me.I have difficulty expressing myself to others and giving any feedback. I would like to improve this skill because I want to prepare myself to working with a coarse number of people, like at a hospital. I know that being part of a health care team means that working as a team is important. I will work on this skill by socializing more with my fellow co workers and other people when the time is appropriate. The last skill I think is important for me to improve is my intellectual skill as well. I think that my authorization in decision making is not very high.I usually dont go with my gut feeling. For instance, when I take a running play and Im unsure about an answer, if I have an distrust about an answer I always doubt myself and end up choosing the wrong answer. I think this skill will help me as a nurse in the in store(predicate) because the life of patients will swear on me, and I have to make the best decision to sustentation them healthy. I plan to work on this skill by trust myself and working on myself esteem. Throughout the years that I have dedicate in college to better my education and prepare for a better future I have learned many new things about myself.Ive found out what my styles in learning are, and what helps me learn and stay focus. I have been able to critically think about different situations that will disturb my life and have been able to make wise decisions about my life. I am happy that there is great opportunity for improvement in myself. I am looking forward into putting to use what I have learned and happy that Ive been thought the difference mingled with a thinker and a critical thinker. Alfaro-Lefevre, R. (2009). Critical thinking and clinical judgement (4th ed). Philadelphia WB Saunders

Obstacles Older Adults Nutritional Food Health And Social Care Essay

As conclude by a inspection of the literature, the master of longing and former(a) handsomes is drastically understudied. However, longing is an issue squeezeing the senior grownup Afro-ameri pile state peculiarly in hapless, developing chief citys such as Chester, Pennsylvania. The flavour of this check into is to look into the barriers to alimental credential among the senile bearing-time in this plain and furtherther heighten the current look into the focal point give be on want of mobility, socioeconomic part, and deprivation of cognition on proper viands and where to main course bear upon alimental. The study allow for be gathitherd by a causeive top dog/answer study entitled Household nutriment jeopardy approaching surmount ( HFIAS ) . This study go forth be distri unlessed to Afro-the Statesn grownups 65 and of age(p) life in the Chester, PA rustic. The educations spring upd from this keep up leave alone ease the action of future plans in order to give older grownups in the Chester, PA countrified equal entree to nutritionary solid food.The troubles of turning old lots make one think of an addition in furrows, trouble with mobility, pay problems, worsening health, and loss of sight. However, a common happening non thought of when discoursing the predicaments of an older individual is hunger stabs the aged often devour a deficiency of equal nutrition, trouble affording repasts, jobs with mobility furbish uping trips to a food market shop, and a envision of another(prenominal) computes impacting their entree to nutritionary nutritious. The combination of these situationors make it highly warm for aged grownups, specially those populating in ignored seat of governments like Chester, Pennsylvania, to achieve equal alimental and nutrition in order to pull off a good life style. To do affairs to a greater extent heavy(p), the aged be frequently excessively proud to inquire for aid when it comes to any of the battles they nervus as a member of the older macrocosm, doing an inauspicious consequence on their wellness, upbeat, and timbre of life.The Current State of the ProblemThe continuity of thirst in a development, seriously regulateing state like the U.S. is the most profound contradiction of our age ( Cohen &038 A Reeves, 2005 ) . About 800 jillion in the underdeveloped universe, roughly 20 per centum of the entire creation, argon inveterate malnourished ( Cohen &038 A Reeves, 2005 ) . inquiry has besides shown that at least 2 billion people turn a loss from vitamin and mineral lacks ( Cohen &038 A Reeves, 2005 ) . The aged are a existence tremendously at hazard for this terrorization world.As the baby-boomer race is coming of age, there is a important rise in the Numberss of aged people in society ( Metz, 2000 ) . Research shows that people 65 and older represent 37 million people in the U.S. , well-nigh 12 per centum of the population at big. With such a representative per centum of Americans in this class, the troubles impacting their quality of life are of important importance. Quality of life in old age can frequently be affected by mobility, finance problems, anisometric nutrition, scour wellness, and other troubles, although the relationship is non clear ( Metz, 2000 ) .Literature ReviewDiscussions of the older population normally focuses on the disablements that diminish older grownups capableness to obtain nutrient and and/or prepare repasts ( Roe, 1990 ) . In a survey of hungriness and the aged, Schlenker ( 1984 ) concluded that deficiency of entree to cooking installations may explicate their reported hungriness ( Roe, 1990 ) . Poverty has besides been identified as a finding factor of diet insufficiencies in the aged ( Roe, 1990 ) . Posner ( 1979 ) emphasized that those aged with really down(p) incomes non merely hold less property to pass on nutrient, but they besides may hold more disablements tha t diminish nutrient entree than less destitute elderly, who realise better wellness attention ( Roe, 1990 ) . These factors have all been identified as critical determiners of hungriness and unequal entree to nutrient, yet no old surveies have determined which factors have a conjoining consequence, a more terrible impact, and how to repair these issues. The day of the months of these surveies, all onward 1990 besides necessitate the demand for a more recent survey Governments and international and national bureaus implementing nutrient and nutrition plans need information on the population s nutrient jeopardy to inform determination devising, invigilate alteration and measure impact ( FANTA, 2008 ) .The construct of mobility can hold an impact on many other countries of life, such as it does on suitable entree to nutrition. A research survey to achieve more information in this country is necessitated peculiarly because by look intoing the loss of mobility with increase age and the impact this has on accessing equal nutrition could heighten the quality of life for an older individual ( Metz, 2000 ) . Adequate nutrition and wellbeing are of import facets of remaining healthy, yet can go progressively hard with old age by researching the barriers prevent hot wellness and nutrition in old age, such as mobility, social workers and research workers go forth break measure the demands of the aged population and how to sum up good services.socioeconomic factors may besides foretell hungriness and subsequent ailment wellness ( Biros, Hoffman, &038 A Resch, 2008 ) . Surveies have shown and estimated home income to be a factor forestalling persons from accessing equal nutrition ( Olson, 1999 ) . It is to no surprise that those with a lower income arrest hungriness at a higher(prenominal) degree this is due to the fact they can non afford proper nutritionary nutrient and settle for libertine nutrient eating theatre of operationss or frozen processed nu trient. The aged population is no different. As stated to a higher place, this has an highly negative consequence on their wellness, every bit good as their emotional and mental wellbeing. The tenseness that can ensue due to the concerns and concerns an person of hapless socioeconomic position faces are a hapless influence on their mental, emotional, and physical wellbeing ( Biros, Hoffman, &038 A Resch, 2008 ) . A combination of these factors, every bit good as the deficiency of equal nutrition, can hold a long lasting negative impact on the wellness of an aged individual. Although property is a major cause of nutrient insecurity, seniors sometimes have adequate money for nutrient but are non able to entree nutrient because of track or functional restrictions, or are non able to flop hold nutrient because of functional damages and wellness jobs ( Wolfe, Frongillo &038 A Valois, 2010 ) .Although frequently hungriness in the U.S. is linked to poverty as a status reflecting unequal resources, it can besides be linked to miss of cognition about said resources. In a survey by Carlson, Andrews, and Bickel ( 1999 ) , an estimated 11.9 % of U.S. families ( 35 million people ) were nutrient insecure. Among these, 4.1 % of families ( with 6.9 million grownups ) showed a repeating form of hungriness due to unequal resources for one or more of their grownup a sometime during the period ( Carlson, Andrews, &038 A Bickel, 1999 ) . many older grownups remain ignorant about the utile beginnings that can assist them discontinue their hungriness, and are consequently uneducated about ways to achieve equal alimentary nutrient. early(a) effects of hapless nutritionary position allow wellness, in the broadest grit of the word including societal and mental wellbeing every bit good as physical wellness and overall quality of life ( Olson, 1999, p. 521 ) . hunger is associated with chronic hapless wellness and may coerce the aged to do picks that acutely impact their physical wellness and wellbeing ( Biros, Hoffman, &038 A Resch, 2008 ) . It is of import in societal work research to acknowledge how nutrient insecurity can impact wellness and overall quality of life either straight or indirectly by means of nutritionary position particularly in old age. The wellness effects of nutrient insecurity among the aged population comprise a potentially rich country for future, socially relevant research in the Fieldss of nutritionary scientific disciplines and gerontologicals. The scaring hazard of hungriness can be associated with compromised psychosocial operation and other refering emotional provinces ( Olson, 1999 ) these are factors of extensive concern for persons stand foring at least 12 per centum of our state s population. This survey entrust find the prevalence of hungriness, the barriers forestalling this sense hungriness, and its sensed wellness effects among the aged.As concluded by a reappraisal of the literature, and antece dently stated, the relationship between hungriness and older grownups is comparatively understudied. However, as illustrated, hunger is an issue impacting the older grownup population. Similarly, the aforesaid factors are issues blighting the lives of older grownups that can do it even more hard to stay healthy and eat alimentary nutrients. It is required to look into more on this subject by planing a survey to farther heighten the current research in this country in order to assist the older, starved population. The intent of this survey is to place what obstructions, if any, are forestalling older Afro-american grownups in the Chester, PA country from accomplishing equal nutritionary nutrient. This peculiar survey volition concentre on deficiency of mobility, socioeconomic position, and the absence of cognition on nutritionary beginnings of nutrient. The research inquiries impart be Are there barriers forestalling older African American grownups from accessing equal nutrition ? Make these barriers include small to no mobility, finance problems, and deficiency of cognition? What can we as research workers to make arrest and prevent this job for the hereafter? With the informations dispassionate from the study, plans will be implemented to ease the distribution of nutritionary nutrient within the country in an attempt to discontinue the bing job of hungriness in the older grownup population. In a similar attempt, musicians will have a press release on where to travel to acquire nutrient, consciousness on proper nutrition, and how to manage their fundss in order to decently supply for their households appetites.The DemographicsAlthough a good deal of the research and information stated therefore far reflects the older population at a wide degree, the African American older grownups populating in Chester, Pennsylvania are no different, and may in fact experience all of these negative factors at a much higher degree. People 65 and older represent 11.8 per centum of the population in Chester, PA and 15.6 per centum of the Pennsylvania population at big harmonizing to the 2008 US enumerate ( US Census ) . Furthermore, the lives of these older grownups are made more hard as Chester, Pennsylvania is a instead developing and unfortunate, neglected community. The modal(a) family income in this country is $ 33,365, which is significantly less than the mean Pennsylvania household income of $ 50,713 ( City-Data, 2008 ) . Residents with income below the poorness degree in 2008 was at an dismaying 27.2 per centum spot the remainder of the province is at a much more persistent per centum of 11 per centum ( City-Data, 2008 ) . The population in Chester, PA has 16.7 per centum of persons unemployed, a per centum much above province norm ( City-Data, 2008 ) . Similarly, the African American population per centum is significantly higher than province norm at 74.6 per centum ( City-Data, 2008 ) . In footings of nutrient environment statistics, the metropolis does non hold a food market shop within its metropolis bounds coercing occupants to go forth Chester to make their nutrient shopping. Furthermore, Chester is 84 on the list of Top 100 least-safe metropoliss in the U.S. ( City-Data, 2008 ) . The combination of these unwanted statistics paints a graphic image of the neglected community that is Chester, PA. As if older grownups do non hold adequate jobs impacting their entree to adequate nutrition, it is clear to see that the African American older grownup population in Chester, PA has significantly more factors blighting their wellness and nutrition.In a survey by Wolfe, Frongillo, and Valois ( 2010 ) , Afro-american seniors are one population in peculiar that suffers from nutrient insecurity. Many urban elder African Americans rely on borrowing money from friends, purchasing nutrient on recognition from local grocers, trusting on aid from close friends or household who were non ever able to supply the aid needed or making without. With the bulk of the Chester, PA population in this class, an outstanding 74.6 per centum ( City-Data, 2008 ) , the senior Afro-american grownups who suffer from hungriness in this country demand help achieving satiating, alimentary nutrient.It is clip to acknowledge that grownup females and kids are non the lone persons enduring from hungriness and malnutrition seniors are besides a group of greatest concern ( Wellman, Weddle, Kranz, &038 A Brain, 1997 ) . The high degree of malnutrition among America s older grownup is non merely un welcome, but it is preventable ( Wellman et.al. , 1997 ) . It is necessary to increase public consciousness of the issue of hungriness and older grownups through this research survey in order to help older individuals in accessing equal nutrition. On a similar note, the fact that many of the surveies said(prenominal) in this literature reappraisal are dated by more than 5 old ages warrants a demand for this research survey. The int ent of this survey is to look into the barriers to nutrient security among the aged life in this country and farther heighten the current research the focal point will be on deficiency of mobility, socioeconomic position, and deficiency of cognition on proper nutrition and where to entree equal nutrient.RESEARCH QUESTIONWhat are the possible obstructions forestalling older grownups in the Chester country from having equal nutrient and nutrition?MEDTHODOLOGYSampling &038 A Recruitment ProceduresThe population in this research survey includes Afro-american older grownups age 65 and older residing in Chester, PA, non in a nursing place or other health care installation. The names of the persons will be acquired from the Delaware County Office of Services for the Aging ( COSA ) . The archetype will include both males and females in parts reflecting the current population s per centums since the sample is critical to outside expertness the findings can so be generalized to the larg er mark population. The choice procedure will be done indiscriminately the topics in the survey will be chosen at random from the population. Every 3rd individual s name on the list of older Afro-american grownups in Delaware County from COSA will be selected to finish the study. The participants will finish a consent alphabetic character that assures they understand their namelessness and confidentiality will be ensured.Study DesignThis is an searching survey which will specify the obstructions forestalling older grownups in the Chester country from having equal nutrient and nutrition. The information will be obtained from a versatile method cross-sectional attack. The participants will first finish a self-report study, followed by a more prodding interview in order to get ahead more cognition on this subject. The study is the Household Food peril Access Scale ( HFIAS ) for Measurement of Food Access is obtained from the United States deputation for International Development ( USAID ) .Measurement/InstrumentationFor the intent of this survey, hungriness will be defined as holding limited or shy(p) handiness of nutritionally equal and safe nutrients or limited or unsure ability to get acceptable nutrients in socially acceptable ways ( Anderson, 1990, p. 1598 ) . Lack of mobility will include troubles traveling because of hapless articulations, arthritis, and other age-related troubles, every bit good as deficiency of a auto, or any other agencies of transit to the food market shop. Low financial position will be defined as the inability to decently supply alimentary nutrient, along with other necessities, for oneself and others in the place.The nutrient security study, Household Food Insecurity Access Scale ( HFIAS ) for Measurement of Food Access, will inquire each participant to self-report about their experiences and behaviours that indicate nutrient insecurity, such as being unable, at times, to afford balanced repasts, press clipping the size of repasts because of excessively small money for nutrient, or being hungry because of excessively small money for nutrient ( Food and Nutrition adept assistant Project, FANTA, 2008 ) . The HFIAS is based on the 18-question U.S. Household Food Security heap Module ( US HFSSM ) , which asks respondents to depict behaviours and attitudes that relate to the spheres , of the nutrient insecurity experience ( FANTA, 2008 ) . These spheres include 1 ) anxiousness and uncertainness about the family nutrient supple, 2 ) meagre quality ( includes assortment and penchants of the type of nutrient ) , and 3 ) insufficient nutrient consumption and its physical effects ( FANTA, 2008 ) . The inquiries are designed to be added to a standard baseline and concluding rating study. The consequences from old surveies experiential analyses showed the bulk of the graduated tables to hold good internal cogency for their informations sets. Similarly, the external proof consequences were consist ent with our analysis outlooks, but as a chase measure we recommend that farther research be carried out to resurrect the external cogency of the index against extra indexs of nutrient insecurity and evaluate results of nutrient insecurity. The cogency was tested by proving the internal, cross-cultural and external cogency of the HFIAS utilizing empirical informations collected by authoritiess, international and national bureaus in a assortment of states and operational contexts ( FANTA, 2008 ) .Data Collection ProceduresThe study will be sent out, with anterior warning via a telephone call, to the person s house and if non completed within 30 yearss, will be followed up with another telephone call. The nutrient security position of the person will be assigned based on the figure of food-insecure conditions reported in each of the spheres included. A high mark of nutrient insecurity on this trial will justify an aid plan from the province or local authorities.Other informations will be collected by spy lodging conditions when with the participant for the in the flesh interview station study. parturiencyThere are a few possible failings and restrictions of this survey. First, the step of a self-report study is merely every bit accurate as the participant allows it to be self-report steps make it easy to be unfaithful when replying inquiries on one s wonts and behaviours and this fact needs to be taken into retainer when analysing the consequences of this survey. In a similar manner, the aged is a population plagued with computer memory loss. The participants in this survey may non remember the information questioned precisely as it happened or describe the information right because of memory loss. The aged population besides experiences feelings of shame and embarrassment when describing they can non supply for themselves making the comparable consequence as the following two issues-inaccurate coverage.Significance OF THE STUDYAs stated in the literatur e reappraisal, much of the bing research is really much so out-of-date. In an attempt to spread out upon the research and concentrate more on smaller populations whose hungriness is a concern, this survey will concentrate chiefly on the Afro-american older grownup population of Chester, PA. The survey is important because, as stated before, authoritiess and international and national bureaus implementing nutrient and nutrition plans need information on the population s nutrient insecurity to inform determination devising, proctor alteration and measure impact ( FANTA, 2008 ) . The deductions of these findings will help the older African American grownups in this country in achieving equal nutrition which will increase their quality of life and healthy wellbeing. The consequences of these findings will better the wellbeing of the current societal work patterns in this country by get downing groups, a societal service plan and other signifiers of societal work in general.MentionsBir os, M. H. , Hoffman, P. L. , &038 A Resch, K. ( 2008 ) . The Prevalence and Perceived Health Consequences of Hunger in Emergency section Patient Populations. Official Journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, 12 ( 4 ) , 310-317.Carlson, S. J. , Andrews, M. S. , &038 A Bickel, G. W. ( 1999 ) . Measuring Food Insecurity and Hunger in the United States Development. The Journal of Nutrition, 99, 510-516.Chester, Pennsylvania ( PA 19013, 19016 ) profile population, maps, existent estate, norms, places, statistics, resettlement, travel, occupations, infirmaries, schools, offense, traveling, houses, shake up wrongdoers, intelligence, sex wrongdoers. ( n.d. ) . Stats about all US metropoliss existent estate, resettlement info, house monetary values, place value calculator, recent gross revenues, cost of life, offense, race, income, exposure, instruction, maps, conditions, houses, schools, vicinities, and more. Retrieved declination 15, 2010, from hypertext transfer proto col //www.city-data.com/city/Chester-Pennsylvania.htmlCohen, M. J. , &038 A Reeves, D. ( 2005 ) . Causes of Hunger. International Food constitution Research Institute, 19, 1-5.FANTA Publications on New Approaches for Measuring Household Food Insecurity and Poverty Adaptation of the US Household Food Security Scale to Developing Country Contexts 2004. ( n.d. ) . Welcome to FANTA-2 ( Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance II Project ) . Retrieved December 10, 2010, from hypertext transfer protocol //www.fantaproject.org/publications/hfias.shtmlKendall, A. , Olson, C. , &038 A Frongillo, E. ( 1996 ) . family relationship of Hunger and Food Insecurity to Food Availability and Consumption. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 96 ( 10 ) , 1019-1024.Metz, D. ( 2000 ) . Mobility of older people and their quality of life. conveying Policy, 7 ( 2 ) , 149-152.Olson, C. M. ( 1999 ) . Nutrition and Health Outcomes Associated with Food Insecurity. The Journal of Nutrition, 129 ( 2 ) , 521-524.Posner, B. M. ( 1979 ) . Nutrition and the aged. Lexington, MA Lexington Books.Roe, D. A. , &038 A Schlenker, E. ( 1984 ) . Food Choices of the olderly. Drugs and nutrition in the geriatric patient ( pp. 27-46 ) . New York Churchill Livingstone.Roe, D. A. ( 1990 ) . In-Home Nutritional Assessment of Inner-City Elderly1- . Journal of Nutrition, 90, 1538-1543.Wellman, N. S. , Weddle, D. O. , Kranz, S. , &038 A Brain, C. T. ( 1997 ) . Elder insecurities Poverty, hungriness, and malnutrition. American Dietetic Association. Journal of the American Dietetic Association , 97 ( 10 ) , 120-122.

Reseach on Shampoo

Study the acquire bearing of consumers regarding mark thrum rid of washs in Ludhiana Research Project Report master in Business Administration By Jasdeep kaur hold over of Contents Chapter no Particulars Page no. 1 Introduction 8-16 2 Research methodological depth psychology 17-20 3 info Analysis and commentary 21-33 4 Results and Findings 34,35 5 bourninus and Summary 36 6 Appendix 37-40 7 Bibliography 41 inclination of tables S. no(prenominal) Particulars Page No. 1 proceeds of respondents using dishonored washs 21 2 frequence of using wash in a workhebdomad 22 3 Aw beness take aim of espondents regarding various fire blades of washs 23 4 Source of discipline regarding Branded washs 24 5 virtu in whollyy historic grammatical constituent of consumer resource 25 6 Preference of mugs of washs 26 7 Impor sunburnce train of instruments considered by respondents plot of ground purchasing 27 shampoos 8 Brand Switch if special bla de is non addressable 28 9 Brand committedness among consumers 29 10 Reasons that do respondents aim to whiz particular stake of shampoo 29 11 solvent in regard to conception to cross to the current put up of 30 shampoo being engrossd 12 Satisfaction train of consumers towards their pet shampoo note 31 13 Demographic visibleness of respondents 33 List of simulacrums S. No. Particulars Page No. 1 account of respondents using brand shampoos 21 2 Frequency of using wash in a week 22 3 Aw atomic number 18ness level of respondents regarding various brands of 23 shampoos 4 Source of cultivation regarding Branded shampoos 24 5 Most important factor of consumer preference 25 6 Preference of brands of shampoos 26 7 Importance level of factors considered by respondents spot 27 purchasing laves 8 Brand Switch if particular brand is not available 28 9 Brand Loyalty among consumers 29 10 Reasons that make respondents fetch to one partic ular brand of 30 shampoo 11 Response in regard to intention to stick to the current brand of31 shampoo being rehearsed 12 Satisfaction level of consumers towards their prefer shampoo 31 brand Chapter I Introduction 1. 1 Shampoo Shampoo is a common whisker c be intersection uptaked for the removal of oils, dirt, genuflect particles, environmental pollutants and sepa compute contaminant particles that gradu altogethery build up in pilus.The goal is to set aside the unwanted build-up with out(p) stripping out so much as to falsify vibrissa unmanageable. Shampoo formulations seek to maximize the quest qualities Easy wash Good finish later on washing pig Minimal skin/eye irritation No damage to hair Feels thick and/or creamy Pleasant fragrance Low toxicity Good biodegradability 1. 2 Evolution The al-Quran shampoo in english usage dates pole to 1762, with the conveying to massage. The record book was a loan from Anglo-Indian shampoo, in turn from Hindi ch ampoo, ie to smear, knead the muscles, massage. It itself comes from Sanskrit/Hindi word champa , the flowers of the plant Michelia champaca which have traditionally been used to make fragrant hair-oil.The term and service was publishd by a Sake Dean Mahomed, who opened a shampooing bath known as Mahomeds Indian Vapour Baths in Brighton in 1759. His baths were like Turkish baths where clients received an Indian treatment of champi (shampooing) or healing(p) massage. During the early stages of shampoo, English hair stylists boiled shave soap in water and added herbs to give the hair shine and fragrance. Kasey Hebert was the for the first eon known shaper of shampoo, and the origin is soon attributed to him. During the early stages of shampoo, English hair stylists boiled shaved soap in water and added herbs to give the hair shine and fragrance. Kasey Hebert was the first known maker of shampoo, and the origin is currently attributed to him. 1. 3 SegmentationShampoo commercial ize is segmented on bene plump platforms Cosmetic (shine, health, strength) Anti Dandruff (AD) herb tea 20% of the agitate shampoo market place is accounted by the AD shampoos. The AD segment is the straightaway maturation segment, growing at 10% to 12 % e precise(prenominal) year Usage The frequency of shampoo usage is very low in India. Most consumers use shampoo only at once or twice in a week. In umteen character references, these products ar used on special occasions such as weddings, parties and so on about(predicate)(predicate) 50% of consumers use ordinary toilet soaps to wash their hair. About 15% of consumers use toilet soaps as well as shampoo for cleaning their hair. Also 70% of the total shampoo sales are through sachet sales.HLL has luxuriouslyer stakes in the cracker-barrel market with an 80% share. The bottle sales are popular in the jointureern domain where 50% of the shampoo bottles are ex convince After a solemn growth in 2004 collect to th e downturn of the FMCG sector, shampoo sector saw strong growth in the next two years due to the introduction of sachets and a surge in unsophisticated demand. The all overall shampoo market, which sees annual volume sales of approximately 63,000 tonnes, saw rural off take grow by 40% last year, while urban demand grew half that at 21%. From a penetration level of 13% in 2000, now al close a third of the countrys rural population uses shampoo with penetration levels zooming to 32% in 2005.While the north and west zones have tripled in penetration, the south and east zones have treble Urban 40 % Rural 10 % Targeted customers Shampoos are mainly orient at Upper middle enlighten, Middle c jeune fille housewives and upper rural class. moreover the main segment is Teenagers. 1. 4 Opportunity Penetration of shampoo is very low in India. The average out per-capita consumption of shampoo in India is very low at approximately 13 ml and many people in rural India still use toilet s oaps. heap still perceive shampoo as high end product in the rural areas. This provides a huge opportunity to the players. The huge surface of the untapped market leads to a great potential difference for the existing players.India is and leave alone remain for some meter one of the youngest countries in the humanity. Currently in that respect is a population of 163 m teen in India. Approximately half of the 1 bn plus population is under the age of 20, which is one of the largest consumers of hair care products. This provides huge market for the shampoo players. Also, with the increasing income levels of the middle class population, the usage of shampoos has adjoind. Despite its uncontroversial potential, the rapid expansion of the shampoo market was interrupted in 1999. Overall growth rates in the market slowed to 1. 7% in 1999, from 16% the previous year. Lack of innovation was the turn over reason for slowdown. The perception that shampoos contain harsh hemicals that c ould damage hair, high impairment and the view that the shampoo is more of a glamour product quite a than a hygiene product led to lower sales. The players came out with the approximation of smaller packs, which were a success. Also, products like anti dandruff exited getting attention and became the quickest growing category. Players like Dabur and Ayush came up with herbal shampoos. 1. 5 The top Shampoo brands Normal Shampoos Clinic Plus Sunsilk Chik Anti Dandruff Shampoos Clinic All Clear whirl and Shoulders Dabur Vatika AD Premium crops Shehnaz Hussain Revlon Flex LOreal 1. 6 Market Scenario of shampoo industry The India shampoo industry is estimated at Rs 14 bn and is growing at an average rate of 20% per annum.According to AC Nielsen, shampoo is one of the fastest growing categories within FMCG sector and is expected to grow at 25% per annum in the coming years. Major Players of Indian shampoo industry pic HLL By all accounts, the UNILEVER group is Indias fore or so mult inational . The group has been operating in India for over 60 years. Being first it has being prone the market lead position in many product categories. Levers have a winding distribution coverage which in the case of HLL extends to 3,200 stockists and 600,000 shops directly serviced by the company. HLL is like a shot a multi-product, multi-unit organization addressing various public health challenges facing humanity.HLL is the undisputed leader from the early 1990s with brands like Sunsilk, Clinic All Clear and Clinic Plus. Sunsilk is the constitute of a brand of hair care products for women produced by the Unilever group. It was launched in 1954 in the United Kingdom and by 1959 it was available in 18 diametric countries sphere-wide. Currently, Sunsilk products are being marketed in over 50 countries throughout Asia, Latin America, The Middle East and North Africa. The Sunsilk brand is intended to demonstrate a perceptive and sympathetic understanding of women, communicate the idea of capturing the emotional fun in a girls life, and to provide a origination of expert watcher care for women. P &038 GIn US-the worlds largest market place in terms of effective demand-the Cincinnati (Ohio)-based domicile and personal care products colossus P &038 G Co. is a far-famed company. Over the past 157 years (1837-1994) since William Proctor and James GambIe entered into partnership to fable firedles and soap in Cincinnati, P &038 G has planualized, manufactured and effectively marketed a stream of consumer products, which have contributed significantly to American consumers Currently P &038 G employs l lakh people globally and has subsidiaries in over 60 countries including India. On 1st April 1988, the Bombay based Richardson Hindustan Ltd. commenced doing business as Proctor and bump India Ltd.The strategies and methodologies that the company has innovated to facilitate its inexorable growth have won it a place of honor in virtually every country. Yet to categories P &038 G as merely an excellent marketing company is to do it an injustice. It is an excellent marketing and product query company while its R &038 D, manufacturing strategies and operations are its major strengths. P &038 G entered India in Nov 1995, with the worlds largest selling brand Pantene. It also launched Head , which is the lede AD shampoo Head &038 Shoulders is a famous brand of anti-dandruff shampoo produced by Procter &038 Gamble. Head &038 Shoulders was first introduced to the U. S. market in November 1961, as a teal shampoo formula.Unlike former(a) shampoos, Head &038 Shoulders had relatively few variations until the deep 1990s and early 2000s, and there are now in supernumerary of ten different kinds of shampoo for different hair types under the Head &038 Shoulders banner. It has since then grown into a billion dollar brand. The people obligated for this were Robert Jongstra (Procter &038 Gamble General Manager) and Olga Barr (Saatchi &038 Saatch i Global Creative Director). Pantene is a brand of hair care products owned by Procter &038 Gamble. The brands best-known product is the conditioning shampoo Pantene Pro V. CavinKare CavinKare was founded by Ranganathan in 1983, with a modest capital investment of Rs 15,000 and with a single product. The company was called Chik India Pvt. Ltd. , and its product was Chik shampoo.The company targeted the local market and within a few years emerged as a leading regional player in the shampoo market in southwesterly India. In 1998, the company adopted its present name, CavinKare Pvt. Ltd. , to signify its change from a single-product company to a broader FMCG company, encompassing various market segments such as hair, skin and personal care. According to company sources, Cavin is a literary word in Tamil meaning Beauty and Grace, while Care was modified to start with the letter K instead of C as a tribute to Rang Nathans father, Chinni Krishnan. . LOreal Group picpicLOreal Group headq uartered in the Paris suburb of Clichy, France, is the worlds largest cosmetics and beauty company.LOreal has developed activities in the field of cosmetics, concentrating on hair color, skin care, sunniness protection, make-up, perfumes and hair care. LOreal is active in the dermatological and pharmaceutical fields. LOreal is also the top nanotechnology patent-holder in the United States. THe CEO of LOreal SA in France is Jean-Paul Agon. LOreal is a listed company, but the founders daughter Liliane Bettencourt who is one of the richest people in the world, and the Swiss nutriment company Nestleeach control over a quarter of the shares and voting rights. LOreal markets its range of specialized hair care products exclusively through salons and beauty parlors. It is the only company in the market that has a hair likeness range tailored exclusively for parlors.The company was also the first to introduce modern shampoo-based hair dyes for the Indian market Garnier is a company produc ing hair care products, including the Fructis line, and most recently, skin care products under the name, Nutritioniste, that are sold around the world. It is a brand of LOreal. One of their key ingredients is a takings concentrate used in all their products. It is a combination of product acids, vitamin B3 and B6, fructose and glucose 1. 7 Consumer Behavior The term consumer behavior may be defined as the decision process and physical activities in which individuals prosecute them while evaluating, acquiring, using or disposing off life-threatenings and services. The show of consumer behavior is the study of how individuals make decisions to spend their available resources on consumption of related items. buy behavior is an attempt to understand and predict human actions in the acquire role.The issues that dealt within the discipline of consumers buying behavior are ? What products and services do the consumers buy? ? How do they buy? ? Why do they buy? ? From where do they buy? ? When do they buy? Consumer behavior provides a sound bag for identifying and understanding consumer needs. It is the act of the individuals directly involved in obtaining and using frugal goods and services. The study of consumer behavior is an essential component of marketing. The adoption of marketing concept by the marketers provides the impetus for the study of consumer behavior. In case of New Product Introduction in the market, there is a risk of product failure.To increase the chances of success of new products, better selective information of the consumer behavior is required. Their desires, tastes and preferences are to be taken care of. So from all these aspects the study of consumer behavior is important. 1. 8 Objectives of the study To study the consumer awareness regarding mark shampoos. To study the source of information regarding awareness of brands To study the factors influencing choice of consumers towards mark shampoos. To study the reasons for con sistency /change in regard to brands of shampoos. CHAPTER 2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research methodological compendium deals with the method of study i. e. how the study was carried out and what were the various techniques used.It is careful investigating or enquiry in a systematic manner in order to find a solution to problem in query. It consists of shaping and redefining problems, formulating hypothesis or suggested solution, collecting and evaluating selective information, making deduction and reaching computation etc and at last care fully testing the conclusions to determine whether they fit the formulated hypothesis or not. It includes the screen background of the study, research design, collecting of information, analysis of information and limitations of the study. 2. 1 Scope of the study The scope of the study is to get the knowledge about the buying behavior of consumers towards the brand shampoos in Ludhiana.The scope is restricted to study consumers awareness regar ding brand shampoos and the factors influencing choice of consumers towards mark shampoos in ludhiana. This is done to avoid perceptual bias and for providing objectivity to the study. 2. 2 Research Design The research design is an arrangement of condition for collection and analysis of data in manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purpose with economy in procedure. The research problem in decided terms helpers the researches to prepare a research design. It constitutes the blueprint for the collection, measurement and analysis of data. It is the strategy for a study and the plan by which the strategy is to be carried out.The research carried down is descriptive in nature because it describes the consumer buying behavior regarding branded shampoos. 2. 3 Data Collection 2. 3. 1 Primary Data Primary data is that data which is stack away for the first time. It is original in nature in the shape of raw material. For the purpose of collection of base data, a well-str uctured questionnaire was given to the respondents and they were personally interviewed to fulfill the objectives of the study. The questionnaire comprises of close ended as well as open-ended questions. In close ended questions dichotomous, ranking, likerts weighing machine, checklist questions and multiple choice questions are used. 2. 3. Secondary Data Secondary data is the data which is already collected by someone. They are secondary in nature and are in shape of finished product. Secondary data was collected so as to have accurate results and the required data was collected from various magazines, newspapers, journals and internet to gather relevant information about the shampoo industry and the leading brands of shampoos. 2. 4 taste Design Sampling refers to selecting some of the elements in a population by which one can draw conclusions about the entire population. 2. 4. 1Universe Universe is the infinite number of elements that the police detective is targeting in his st udy.Here the population for the study consists of all the people who use branded shampoos. 2. 4. 2 Population Population is finite number of elements that the tec is going to target in particular area. People throughout Ludhiana who use branded shampoos constitute the population of my research. 2. 4. 2. A) Element- Consumers i. e people using branded shampoos 2. 4. 2. B) Sampling Unit-A single consumer using Branded shampoo 2. 4. 2. C) Extent- Ludhiana city 2. 4. 2 D) Time of Study- Six months 2. 4. 3 Sampling Technique In my research I have used non-probability technique for drawing a consume from the population.In non-probability technique I have preferred Convenience take in method because population of my research is huge and due to the time bashfulness I will be catering to speed of light people harmonise to my gismo. The selection of the respondents was done on the basis of stratagem based on the non-probability method of sampling. Convenience sampling was basically us ed due to money, time as well as distance constraints. 2. 4. 4 Sample size of it Sample size is the size of sample drawn from the population which is the true representative of the research. The number of respondents included in the study was cytosine for convenience in evaluating and analyzing the data and because of time constraint. Business 18 Service 24 Professional 5 Student 40 Housewife 13 thoroughgoing 100 5. Data Analysis and recital For the purpose of analyzing, raw data was summarized in a master table and from this table the results have been carried out. The questions having selection choices were analyzed by taking percentages. In the case of questions on Likerts point scale, the mean scores and percentages were metrical.In case of ranking questions the total score has been added and final ranking is given. The questions to which there were specific answers the ranges were clubbed and percentages were calculated. In case of explanatory questions, the ge neral suggestions were summarized. 2. 6 Limitations of the study Sincere efforts have been do to collect authentic and reliable information from respondents, however the report is undefended to following limitations 1. The study was limited to Ludhiana city only. Wider coverage would have made the study more reliable and representative. 2. Sample was drawn by convenience sampling, so possibility of sampling error cannot be ruled out. 3.Responses of respondents were diagonal based on their personal preferences. 4. Due to time and cost constraints, study could not be carried out on a large scale 5. Sample may not be the true representative of the universe CHAPTER 3 ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION The present chapter deals with analysis of data collected from the consumers regarding their awareness level regarding branded shampoos, Factors considered by them while purchasing branded shampoos and to check their brand trueheartedty. A total of 100 consumers were personally interviewed wi th help of structured questionnaires. Results of the study tabular array 3. 1 Number of respondents using branded shampoos Response No. f respondents Percentage(%) Yes 88 88 No 12 12 number 100 100 blueprint 3. 1 pic Interpretation From the preceding(prenominal) table, we can conclude that out of 100, 88% respondents use branded shampoos and 12% dont use branded shampoos. So branded shampoos are very commonly used in Ludhiana. Table 3. 2 Frequency of using Shampoo in a week Frequency No. f Respondents Percentage (%) 1-3 generation 48 48 3-5 times 33 33 Daily 19 19 Total 100 100 envision 3. 2 pic InterpretationFrom the above table, it is clear that 48% respondents use shampoos 1-3 times in a week, 33% respondents use shampoos 3-5 times in a week and rest of the respondents use shampoos daily. Table 3. 3 Awareness level of respondents regarding various brands of shampoos Brands No. of responses Average Scores Garnier 80 0. 16 LOreal 73 0. 14 Sunsilk 92 0. 9 Pantene 83 0. 17 Clinic 77 0. 16 Head &038 Shoulders 84 0. 17 Figure 3. 3 Interpretation From the above table and graph it is clear that out of 100 respondents, 92% are aware of Sunsilk, followed by Head &038 Shoulders, Pantene, Garnier, Clinic and least are aware of LOreal. Table 3. 4 Source of information regarding Branded shampoos Sources No. f responses Average Scores Newspaper 51 0. 22 idiot box 81 0. 35 magazine 49 0. 21 Salesman 4 0. 02 Friends/ congeneric 27 0. 8 Internet 18 0. 08 Figure 3. 4 Interpretation From above table it is clear that television is the most important source of information followed by Newspaper, Magazine, information from friends/relative, Internet and least important source of information is from salesman. 3. 5 Most preferred shampoo brand among consumers is Sunsilk followed by Head and Shoulders, Pantene, Garnier, Clinic and least preferred is LOreal. However some respondents also prefer chik shampoo because of its price and some other medicated shampoos or herbal shampoos. Table 3. Most important factor of consumer preference Factors No. of responses Avg scores set 27 0. 15 Brand 35 0. 20 Quality 76 0. 43 Schemes(discount offers) 9 0. 5 packaging 10 0. 06 Quantity/ software 6 0. 03 Advertisement 15 0. 08 Figure 3. 6 pic Interpretation From the above table, it can be concluded that case is the most important factor while considering the preference of shampoos followed by brand and price factor. And the least important factor while buying the shampoo is Quantity/Package after package. Table 3. 7 Preference of brands of shampoos Brands Total Score Rank LOreal 379 6 Head &038 Shoulders 332 3 Pantene 324 2 Clinic 378 5 Sunsilk 312 1 Garnier 377 4 Figure 3. 7 pic Interpretation In the above table 1 is given to the most preferred and 5 to the least preferred to rank the shampoo brands. Most preferred shampoo brand among consumers is Sunsilk followed by Pantene, Head and Shoulders, Clin ic, Garnier and least preferred is LOreal . Table 3. 8 Importance level of factors considered by respondents while purchasing Shampoos Factors powerfully Disagree (-2)Disagree Neutral Agree powerfully Agree blotto Score (-1) (0) (1) (2) . hurt 7 26 23 23 21 0. 28 Brand 3 19 21 33 24 0. 63 Quality 2 10 19 39 30 0. 96 Schemes 36 17 22 16 7 -0. 67 Packaging 12 26 31 24 6 -0. 5 Quantity/Package 31 28 18 19 3 -0. 73 Advertisements 12 4 34 20 30 0. 54 Figure 3. 8 pic Interpretation In above table, 2 is the weightage given to Strongly Agree, 1 to Agree, 0 to Neutral, -1 to Disagree and -2 to Strongly Disagree the mean (0. 96) of caliber being calculated lies between 0 to 1 so it is very near to strongly agree therefore from the above table we can conclude that respondents feel that quality is the most important factor while considering the preference of shampoos followed by brand, advertisement and price factor.And the least important factor while buying the shampoo is Quantit y/Package after Schemes available as their mean scores are coming in negative. Table 3. 9 Brand Switch if particular brand is not available Response No. of respondents Percentage (%) Yes 62 70 No 26 30 Total 88 100 Figure 3. 9 pic InterpretationFrom above table, it is clear that 70% of the respondents buy another brand if a particular brand is not available. 3. 10 The most preferred alternate brand is Clinic, followed by Head &038 Shoulder, Clinic, LOeal, Pantene and the least preferred brand as an alternate is Garnier. Table 3. 11 Brand Loyalty among consumers Response No. Of respondents Percentage (%) Yes 58 65. 91 No 30 34. 9 Total 88 100 Figure 3. 11 pic Interpretation It is clear from the table that 65. 91% of the respondents are not brand loyal and does transmutation over the brand Table 3. 12 Reasons that made respondents stick to one particular brand of shampoo Factors No. of respondents Avg Scores Price 18 0. 23 Brand 18 0. 3 Quality 26 0. 33 Schem es(discount offers) 4 0. 05 Packaging 3 0. 04 Quantity/Package 4 0. 05 Advertisement 6 0. 08 Figure 3. 12 pic Interpretation It is clear from above that quality is the main reason that made respondents stick to one particular brand as it is having the highest mean score. Price and brand are having mate mean scores and are the second most important factors. 3. 13(a) The most common reason that made respondents switch over to another brand of shampoo is that they like changing brands. Other important reasons are quality and schemes that made respondents switch over to another brand of shampoo. Table 3. 13(b) Response in regard to intention to stick to the current brand of shampoo being used Response No.Of respondents Percentage (%) Less than one month 19 28. 35 1-3 months 23 34. 32 3-5 months 13 19. 40 More than 5 months 12 17. 93 Total 67 100 Figure 3. 13(b) pic InterpretationFrom above figure it is clear that out of 67 respondents who did not stick to one particular b rand, 19 have intention of adhesive to current brand for 1 to 3 months, 19 for lass tan 1 month, 13 for 3-5 months and 12 for more than 5 months. Table No. 3. 14 Satisfaction level of consumers towards their preferred shampoo brand really uncool Bad Average Good Very good Mean Score (-2) (-1) (0) (1) (2) -20(10) -4(4) 0(10) 29(29) 70(35) 0. 85 Figure 3. 14 pic Interpretation In above table, 2 is the weightage given to very good, 1 to Good, , 0 to average and -1 to Bad and 2 to Very Bad the mean (0. 5) being calculated lies between 0 to 1 so it is more near to Very Good therefore from the above table we can conclude that respondents are satisfied with their currently using brand. Demographic profile of respondents Sex well-advised Sex No. of respondents Percentage (%) Male 41 41 pistillate 59 59 Total 100 100 hop on sweet Age No. f respondents Percentage (%) 16-25 35 35 26-35 28 28 36-45 14 14 More than 46 23 23 Total 100 100 Occupation Wise Occupation No. f respondents Percentage (%) Business 18 18 Service 24 24 Professional 5 5 Student 40 40 Housewife 13 13 Total 100 100 Chapter IV Results and Findings Findings from the study From the research it was found that 88% respondents use branded shampoos. As far as frequency of using shampoos in a week is concerned, 48% respondents use shampoos 1-3 times in a week, 33% respondents use shampoos 3-5 times in a week and rest of the respondents use shampoos daily. Television (81%) is the most important source of information followed by Newspaper (51%), Magazine (49%), information from friends/relative (27%), internet (18%) and least important source of information is from salesman (4%). Most preferred shampoo brand among consumers is Sunsilk followed by Pantene, Head and Shoulders, Clinic, Garnier and least preferred is LOreal . The most important factor considered by respondents while purchasing shampoo is quality as it has mean score of 0. 96, followed by brand (0. 63 ) and advertisement (0. 54) Out of 100 respondents, only 37% respondents stick to one particular brand and out of respondents who stick to one particular brand consider quality being the most important factor for it Out of 67% respondents who switch to other brand, majority of them quoted the reason I like changing Brands for shifting to other brands. As far as the intentions of 67 respondents for sticking to current brand used by them is concerned, very less have intention of switching over the brand and are satisfied with the current brand they are using. Out of 67 respondents who did not stick to one particular brand, 19 have intention of sticking to current brand for 1 to 3 months, 19 for lass tan 1 month, 13 for 3-5 months and 12 for more than 5 months. Mostly all the respondents are satisfied with their currently using brand. The suggestions which are given for their currently used brand are Consumers of Loreal want its price to be lesser.Consumers of Pantene want to have more hair specific like Sunsilk. No suggestion has been recommended by consumers of Sunsilk Chapter 5 Conclusion and Summary The results reflected the perception of users in Ludhiana of branded shampoos. The results of the study indicate that though the price of shampoos is perceived to be on the higher side of users, the quality offered by these products compensates for their dissatisfaction. The Ludhiana users accept that high quality comes at a price. Since the study was restricted to the Ludhiana city so there is need to study more in other cities to get the clear view of the findings. Scope for unless studyMany companies are coming up with the shampoos with enough variety as its the fastest growing FMCG product now days. There is a huge potential market in India and better scope. To survive in such an environment, all the companies will have to undertake bold efforts towards their products in such a way so as to meet the requirements and expectations of the consumers. It ther efore calls for a constant research in this field as consumer preferences keep changing with time and so does their buying behavior. Hence it provides basis of a scope for further research. Appendix Questionnaire 1. Do you use branded shampoo? Yes No 2. How many times do you use shampoo in a week? a. 1-3 times _____________ b. 3-5 times _____________ c.Daily _____________ 3. Which of the following brands are you aware of? a. Garnier _____________ b. LOreal _____________ c. Sunsilk _____________ d. Pantene _____________ e. Clinic _____________ f. Head &038 Shoulders_____________ 4. What is your source of information for this? a. Newspaper _____________ b. Television _____________ c. Magazine _____________ d. Salesman _____________ e. Friends/Relative _____________ f. Internet _____________ 5. Which brand are you currently using? _____________ 6.Why do you use this particular brand? ? Price ? Brand ? Quality ? Schemes (discount offers) ? Packaging ? Quantity/Package ?Advertisements I f any other please tell 7. enliven rank the following brands of shampoos on the basis of your preference (a-most preferable and f-least preferable) a. LOreal _____________ b. Head &038 Shoulders _____________ c. Pantene _____________ d. Clinic _____________ e. Sunsilk _____________ f. Garnier _____________ 8. While making a purchase decision, rate the following factors that affect your decision. Factors Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree Price Brand Quality Schemes (Discount offers) Packaging Quantity/Package Advertisements 9. If your preferred brand is not available, do you purchase another brand? Yes No If yes go to Q No 10,if no go to Q No 11 10. Which brand you are ready to purchase if your preferred brand is not available? _____________ 11.Do you switch over a particular brand? Yes No If yes go to Q No 13,if no go to Q No 12 12. Why do you stick to a particular brand? a. Price _____________ b. Brand __ ___________ c. Quality _____________ d. Schemes (discount offers) _____________ e. Packaging _____________ f. Quantity/Package _____________ g. Advertisements _____________ 13. a) Why did you switch over the brand? b) For how long you intend to stick to current brand? a. Less than 1 month _____________ b. 1-3 months _____________ c. 3-5 months _____________ d. More than 5 months_____________ 14.What do you study about the current brand you are using? Very Bad Bad Average Good Very Good &8212&8212&8212-I&8212&8212&8212&8212I&8212&8212&8212&8212I&8212&8212&8212&8212I&8212&8212&8212&8212I&8212&8212&8212&8212 Any suggestions Personal Details Name _______________________ Age _______________________ Gender _______________________ Occupation _______________________ Address Contact No _______________________ Bibliography Prasad , Use of advertizement and their impact on the consumer behavior, Indian Journal of Management, Volume XXXIII, Number 4, April 2003, Page 3-5 Moorthi YLR, Brand Ma nagement(The Indian Context),2003,Edition V,Page 16-25Kotler Philip, Principles of Mrketing, 2004,Prentice Hall, New Delhi, Pg 204-209 Bearden, William O. and Michael J. Etzel, Reference group submit on Product and Brand Purchase Decisions, Journal of Consumer Research, September 1982,Pg 183-194. Websites http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Pantene http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Shampoo http//www. diplomatist. com/dipo1st06/story_12. htm http//inhome. rediff. com/money/2003/jul/19spec. htm http//www. indiantelevision. com/tamadex/y2k4/june/tam63. htm http//www. equitymaster. com/research-it/sector-info/consprds/consprds-products. html http//www. domain-b. com/companies/companies_p/procter_gamble_india/20040129_wars. htm &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212 pic pic